This journal adheres to the ethical standards established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). The following ethical guidelines apply to all parties involved in the publication process: the authors, the editors, the peer reviewers, and the publisher.

1. Duties of Authors

• Originality and Plagiarism: Authors must ensure that their work is original and properly cites the work of others. Plagiarism in any form is unethical and unacceptable.

• Multiple Publications: Authors should not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously.

• Authorship: All individuals listed as authors must have made significant contributions to the research and agreed to its final version.

• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Authors must disclose any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that may influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript.

• Data Access and Retention: Authors should be prepared to provide raw data related to their article if necessary.

2. Duties of Editors

• Publication Decision: Editors are responsible for deciding which submitted articles should be published based on the quality and relevance of the work.

• Fair Review: Editors should evaluate manuscripts based on intellectual content without discrimination on grounds of gender, race, religion, ethnicity, or political philosophy.

• Confidentiality: Editors must ensure the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and not disclose any information to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, or editorial board.

• Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest: Editors must not use unpublished materials disclosed in submitted manuscripts for their own research without the author's written consent.

3. Duties of Reviewers

• Confidentiality: Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents.

• Objectivity: Reviews should be conducted objectively, and personal criticism of the author is inappropriate.

• Acknowledgment of Sources: Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors.

• Conflict of Interest: Reviewers should not review manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships.

4. Duties of the Publisher

• The publisher is committed to ensuring that editorial decisions are independent and based on academic merit.

• The publisher shall take reasonable steps to identify and prevent the publication of papers where research misconduct has occurred.

• In cases of alleged or proven scientific misconduct, fraudulent publication, or plagiarism, the publisher will take appropriate action, including corrections, retractions, or other measures.